12/16/2023 0 Comments Backward digit span test pdfPost-treatment VM and VR scores were significantly higher than the pretreatment scores in the SH group (p=0.008 and p=0.0001). While pretreatment verbal memory (VM) and verbal recall (VR) scores of the SH group were significantly lower than those of the control group (p=0.004 and 0.012, respectively), no significant differences between the post-treatment and control groups were found in these scores after 6 months of L-T4 treatment. Neuropsychiatric tests for attention, perception, close and remote memory were performed on all patients and on the control group which consisted of 20 healthy children of normal intelligence. The recordings of ERPs were done at the time of diagnosis and after 6 months of euthyroid state. This prospective study was conducted on a series of 20 children with mild SH (free T4 normal and thyroid-stimulating hormone level within 5-10 µIU/L) who underwent clinical and cognitive assessment before L-T4 treatment and 6 months afterwards. The aim of this study was to investigate the cognitive status of children with subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) before and after L-thyroxine (L-T4) treatment using event-related potentials (ERPs) and neuropsychological tests. The experimental and computational results raise questions not only about the role played by measurement of digit span in cognition generally, but also about the way in which long-term memory processes impact on short-term memory functioning.Ĭopyright © 2015 The Authors. We also provide corpus-based computational support for the argument that performance in a short-term memory setting is a function of basic associative learning processes operating on the linguistic experience of the rememberer. Rather, the advantage for digit sequences stems from the increased frequency, compared to other verbal material, with which digits appear in random sequences in natural language, and furthermore, relatively frequent digit sequences support better short-term serial recall than less frequent ones. Specifically, we show across four experiments that this advantage is not due to inherent characteristics of digits as verbal items, nor are individual digits within sequences better remembered than other types of individual verbal items. We cast doubt on this general approach in a detailed analysis of the basis for the robust finding that short-term memory for digit sequences is superior to that for other sequences of verbal material. The role of previous experience with sequences of different types is ostensibly controlled for either by deliberate exclusion or by presenting multiple trials constructed from different random permutations. Traditional accounts of verbal short-term memory explain differences in performance for different types of verbal material by reference to inherent characteristics of the verbal items making up memory sequences. Several intrinsic and extrinsic factors and inability of the DS test to detect subtle impairment may limit its usefulness in children. There was no significant heterogeneity among the included studies (I2=0% P=0.69).Ĭonclusion No significant association was noted between SH and the domains of cognitive function assessed using the DS test. Three studies were extracted for meta-analysis, with results showing a trend toward a poorer DS test performance in the SH group compared to controls, although this difference was statistically insignificant (IV -0.57 95%CI -1.61 to 0.46 P=0.28). The quality of all studies were fair to good. Results Out of 1,511 participants in the five included studies, 129 had SH and 1,382 were euthyroid. This systematic review was conducted according to the Preview Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. ![]() We carried out a meta-analysis using the random effects model to determine mean difference with 95% confidence interval (95%CI) for continuous data. Methods Eligible studies evaluating SH and DS test performance were included in this systematic review and further assessed for risk of bias using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Objective To evaluate the association between SH and DS test performance in children. Subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) may be associated with a risk of cognitive impairment in children and adolescents. Background The digit span (DS) test is one of the most commonly used neuropsychological tests to assess certain cognitive domains, i.e., short-term verbal memory, working memory, and attention.
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